Coke-furnace.



10.847,614. l PATBNTED MARQw. 1907.

` s.l B. sHELDoN. COKE FURNAGB.

APPLIUATYION FILED APB.. Z1. 1906.

PATENIED MARlQ, 1907.

' No. 847,6144 s. B. SHELDON.

COKE IFURMGIS.v APPLICATION FILED APR,21.190$.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A @du PATBNTBD MAR. 19, 1907.

s. B.' sHELDoN. COKE PURNAGB. .APPLICATION FILED APE.21.1906.

PAATBN'TED MAR. 19, 1907, S. B. SHBLDON. COKE FURNAOE. APP'LIOATIOL' vHmm un. 21. 190e.

a sursis-.amm e renier iriiijor.

SAMUEL BERTRAM SHELDON, OF BUFFALO, NlV YORK.

, ooseaeuasaoe.

To all whom it may eoncrp:

vBe it known that I, SAMUEL Bsirrnarrf SHELDON, a citizen ofthe United States, of4

Bulialo, in the-county of Erie V and `State of New Yorkfhaveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inCoke-F-urnaces; and- I do here y declare that the followingv is a lfull, clear, and exact 'descriptioi'i thereo erence being had to theaccompanying drawxc ings, and to the letters of reference markedl thereon, which forni a part of this speciiciA tion. n

This invention relates to improvements 'in the art of co'king or disiilling coal'i'or thev manufacture of coke and theproduction of gas, and incre especially to anovel apparatus effecting the coking'or distillation of coal and at .the same time saving the1 gases produced in the operation in order thattho same majy zo he utiiiied irheating or otheriurposes and valuahle,b vproducts produce in the distilling or poking operation recovered.

An apparatus is illustrated in the accoinanying drawings. races general features ci construction. asiollows: For Aeiiecting the coking or distillation of the coal a coking-oven is employed of the kind generally known as a hy-product oven, or one in which the coal during the cok- 3'0 ing o eration is contained Within a closed cliam er and is subjected to the action oi heat transmitted thereto tliriugh the Walls of' 'said chamber. l 1have shown in the drawings and prefer to use the type of oven coiii monlfv' known as the Otto I-Iofl'niann oven,

in which the ticking-chamber is arranged horizontally or is horizont allyelongated and is ada ted'for the introduction of' coal at one end. t ereof and the discharge of the coke 4o from the opposite end thereof, the coal during the coking o .eration being advanced along or through tlie oven and said oven being'closed against access of outside air'and provided with delivery ducts or passages through which pass the gases reduced during the coking operation. 'l e -oven iilustrated, moreover, consists ol two parts or sections arranged end to end to forni a continue ous coking-chaniher, said sectims being pro 5c vidcd with separate or iiidcpendcntly-:on-

trollahle heating means, so that the part Aor section of the oven into which the coal is first introduced may he maintained. at a higher ten'iperature than the sectiiiii adjacent? to the 5 5 discharge endol' the oven .for a p irpcsc horemafterstated. ln connection w1 ,li said oven vand means for of the oven.

Said Vapparatus eini any desired at the receiving end thereof are located means fcrfforcing the coal into and through the= oven, mea-ns for coni iressing the coal 'prei' paratory to its intro uction into the oven,

reheating tliev coal after it is compressed and before it enters the oven. The coal feeding, compressing, and preheat' ing means embraces generally a receivingchamber, a preheatingchaniher, and a tapered passage connecting said receiving. and

reheating chainhersfand WhichA is larger at' Patented March 19, iso??` its receiving-than at its delivery end. T he v said receivingclianiher, the tapered passage,

and preheatiiiglchaiiiber are connected with each other so as to constitute a continuous passage, which at the delivery end of the pre-.

heating-cli amber opens into ythe receiving end The receiving-chamber is pro vided at its top with an opening through which the coal, preferably in pulverized lorin, mayy he introduced into saidchainlicl, and in said rceiving-chainber is located a horizont,ally-reci-procating plunger operati-ng in its advance movements to force the charges of coal introduced into the chamber at the front of said plunger through said tapered passage and the prelieating-chamlier'into the coliing chambcr. T he tapered sides of the sai dpassage constitute in connection with said plum ger the means for compressing the coal, the inclined or tapered sides of said passage serving to elect compression of the coal laterallyor from the outsidetoward the center of the mass of coal as thedatter is forced through said passage b plunger. The Walls of t epreheating-cham-- "ber are preferably made of relatively thin metal and are surrounded hy a combustioncharnber, in Wliichis burned gaseous or other. fuel, the heat 'produced being transmitted coal Within the chamber. Thecoinpactedl `,niass ol coal which enters the. preheatingchamber from the said tapered passage in which it,is coinpressedis subjected in its passavethroueli the preheating-chamber to degree of heat.. yVl/'ithin saitl passage formed h v the receiving-chamber, the tapered iassage, and tlie'preheatingchamber are located a series of metal rods, arranged parallel with the path of the coal and projecting vfrom .the inner face of said plunger. U ous pcrtorations or. channels extending lon.. gitudic ally through the compressed mass of coal as said mass is advanced toward and roo Said rods serve to form continue]V V. IXO

into the oven, the coal being coni ressed between or around the said ro s in t e advance movements of the plunger and the rods extending such distance toward or into the oven tl iterations formed by the action or' said rods will not be closed by lateral pressure on the mass after the latter passes the free or advaiice ends of the rods. The passages or perforations so formed in the mass of coal by the rods referred to serve to facilitate the escape of gases and volatile matters fromthe coal, and to thereby aid in the cokiiig operation, While giving niore nnilorin results in the coking of the mass, and especially the central part thereof. At the discharge or delivery end of the coking-chainber niean's are provided tor permitting the discharge of coke Without the admission of air, the saine prcl' erably consisting of a depending delivery iat the longitudinal passages or perpipe or passage provided With two valves,`

only one of which is opened at a time during the discharge of the coke,

The operation of the apparatus described lis practically continuous, and the cokiig or distilling operation takes place 'without the admission of external nir to the oven. 'lhe entrance of air to the receiving end ot the oven is prevented by the solid mass of compressed coal, which fills the tapered coiniiressing-passage and the pre-heating-chain bei', and access ol1 air into the deliveryend of ,the oven is prevented by the double valves in the discharge duet, as hereiobt'jlore described. The compressed and `preheated mass of coal is advanced from the prelieatingchamber into the oven by an intermittent; or step-by-step movement produced by the reciprocation of the [ceding and compressingplunger, and such mass is advanced along or through thc oven as the coking operation takes place, the gases generated being withdrawn continuously from the coking-chainbei'. When the coking-chainber is made in parts or sections, as above described, it is intended that the. coking operation shall take place mainly in the section in which the coal is received or that adjacent to the receiving end of the oven, ard the section adjacent to tal section taken upon line 4 '1- of Figs. l and 2. Fig. 5 is plan view oi the parts located being shown inhorizoiital section taken oii the hue 5 ot Fig. 6. Fig. t'i is a view ol' the parts at the receiving end ot one ol the ovens, showing said parts partially iii side elevation and partially in central vertical section on the line] 1 oli Fig. il. Fig. 7 isa cross-section taken on line T 7 ol Figs. l and 2. Fig. H is a cross-section taken on liiie H S ol Figs. l and 7. Fig. t) is an end view oly the parts associnted with one ol the ovens, taken upoi'i line 9 t! olf Fig. (i. Fig l() is a cross-section taken upon line l() l() ot: Fig. (l. Fig. Il is a crosssection taken upon line ll l] olI Fig. Fig. l2 is a detail sectional view ol the compressing and prehcating device, showing a modified forni thereof. Fig. lil is a cross-section i taken upon line lI- tot Fig. l2.

the delivery end ofthe oven is maintained at t a lower temperature, so that a partial coolig of the niass ol' coke will take place before the discharge ol` the saine from the oven.

`.\ly invent ion may be more readily onderstood by relereiiee to the accoii'ipaiiyiug drawings, in which- Figure l is a. View ol an apparatus oiiibodyingjny invention in longitudinal vertical sect-itni taken on a plaire passing through the cerner of the coking-ehamber of the oven on at@ im@ i i i rig :i rig. e is a iik@ sot-,nai

/ taken ou a plane passing through the heatingilues of the oven on -thc line 2 2 oi' Fig. 3. ,Fig 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line 3'3 lof Figs. l and 2, Fig. 4 is a h'oriZon-,

The Golfing-oven illustrated in the acconr panying drawings is provided with a series of coking-chaiiihers 1 l l, which are arraiigrd side by side, as conunoi iii the c-oiistructioii ol' Otto llollmanii ovens. llach of the said cokiiig-chaini ers is equipped with coal feed ing, compressing, and prehet-iiiug devices :it i

the receiving end thereof and with .t de livery device at its exit or discharge end, the drawings illustrating in full only one. of said ciiking-chainbers and its associated parts. lu the walls of the oven which separate the coking-chaiiiiiers l'roin each other .ire loiiiied vertieil lues or Iiealiiig-passages 2 2. 'l`4he coking-chaiuhers l l l are continuous and ol' uiii'l'orininteruiddimeusionsfi'oiiitheirreeeiving to theirdischarge ends; outtlu` oven as a whole, consists, in rll'ect, ol two sections arranged end to end and each ol' which is provided with complete heating moans separate trointl'ie heatingincansoltheot hersection, so that the temperature maintained iii the two sections may he independently or separately controlled. Fiach section of the oven therefore corresponds with a complete Otto lloilmann oven or, in other words. the two seetioiis together constitute two complete (.)tto lloflmann ovens placed end to end with their ciikiiig-chanilnrs joined to form, iii ell'ect, one continuous coking-chaniliei.

The means 'lor heating the two sections ol' each coking-chainber being alike the parts or passages c,oiistituti.ng the heating means l'or the two see iions are lettered alike in the drawings, and the saine description o'l` said heating ii'icaus will apply to both of said sew iitiIiH.

Beneath each tokingwfhamber l are located two lougitudinalln rrauged passages I .ind 4. separated l'roui each other by a ver tival transverse partition. Connected with 5o passage 7 to the chamber `3, from which and 6 by meansfof passages 7 and 8, pro-- vided with gates or vves 9 andfgAlO. baid regenerators 5 and 6'are located' below and extend transversely of the coking-chambers 5 and contain the usual checker-work.A Corinected with the lower parts of the regenerators .are passages or ilues 11 11 and-12 12, which areadapted to be connected either with a stack or chimney or with an `air-inlet io passage, ascommon in coking-ovens having two regenerators as heretofore constructed.

Between the longitudinal chambers or passages 3 and 4, associated with two adjacent' coking-chambers, are located two longitudii 5 nal passages 13 and 14, whic-h communicate '.with the lower ends'of the vertical .flues or passagescl7 2 in the walls separating lsaid chambers'fi'i` Said passages 13 and 14 are separated from-each other byv a VertcaVpar-l zo tition-wall 15 and'by a horizontal partition 16, extending from the bottom of said wall 15 to the external end wall .of the oven, so that the lower p'art of said chamber 14 extends the full length of one section of said oven. The-chamber 3 is connectedwith the chamber 1 3 by holes "or apertures 18 18, formed inthe longitudinal wall between said chambers, and' the chamber I4 is connected with the chamber 14 by like holesor apertures'19 19. Saitl' chambers 13 and 14'constitute combustion-chambers in which gas-vv eous fuel isv burnsv air for supporting cornbustion being sup 'd from tlrechambers 3 org4 through tllepassages 'T3 or` 19. As shown inthe drawings, 2O arid 21 indicate gas-supply mains `'rc'ivided with branch pipes 22 and 23, which" eliv'ervgas to the outer ends of the chambers or passages 13 and 14 through the end wall of the oven structure. 4o The operation of the regenerators and associated passages corresponds with that of an Otto Hoffmann 'oven and is as Jfollows; Assuming the regenerator5 to be connected -with the air-inlet duct and the regenerator 6 with a stack or .chimney-flue, air entering' the llues 11 11 of said regenerator 5 passes upwardly through the checker-work therein, which h'as been previously heated, and suoli air in a heated condition passes. through the through the openings 18 18 itenters the chamber 13. Fuel-,gas delivered to said chamber 13 from' the pip'e 23 is burned' therein, and the products of combustion rise through the vertical passages -2 2 above the chamber 13 and passing horizontally along the passage 17 descend. through the tlues 2 f 2 2- above the 'chamber 14, from whence they mss through the openings 1Q 19 to the chamber 4, and thence through the passage 8 to the regenerator 6 and out through the iiues l 12 12 into the stack. `After the checker-` work in the. regenerator5 has become cooled and that in theregenerator 6 heated by the passage therethrough of the outgoing prod-1 nected with the stack and the regenerator 6 with the air-supply duct, combustion then taking place in the chamber 14, and thc products of combustion pass from said chamber .alf

.uctsof combustion the regeiierator 5 is con-v through the flues 2 2 into the charn,ber.13,`

and thence out through the chamber 3 and the regenerator 5 to the stack.

`The heating devices for the opposite end portions or sections of the oven' being alike and `being provided with theusual heat-controlling means, as the valves in the gas-supply pipes 22 and 23, a higher. temperature may be maintained in the part or sectionv ad-` jacent to the inlet or receiving end of the coking-chamber than in the part or section adjacent to theoutlet or delivery end of said chamber. lThe provision of means for sepai rately controlling the temperature in the two parts or sections of the coking-charnber is of great importance for the reason that the best results in coking are obtained by first subjecting the coaL to temperatures sufficiently highto eiectually complete the eoking operation and to thereafter subject the mass ot l coke toI a lower temperature for a considerable period, so-as to ait'ord considerable cooling thereof before its discharge from the oven* x Now .referring to the coal feeding, coinpressing, and ireheating devices at the receiving end of t e oven, these parts, as shown in lthe drawings, are made of' 'metal' and embrace features of construction as follows: 24 indicates a coal-receiving chamberf; a tapered coal-compressing' passage, 'ani` a preheating-chamber. Said receiving-chamber, the tapered 'compressing-passage,,and

tlre, @cheating-chamber are connected each other to form a continuous passage.

through which the coal is advancediroin the receivingchamber to the oven, the bottom wall of the preheating-chamber being level with the bottom oi the 'coking-chamber, while its side walls are parallel with each other and located at a distance apart some,- what4 less than the distance between the side 4walls of the coking-chaniber, so asto give clearance-spaces" at the .sides of the mass of coal advanced from the prcheating-chamber into the oven. rlhe top wall of the preheating-chamber is located somewhat below the level of the top wall of the oven, so a's to lcave'clearance-spacc at the top of the oven. At thetop of th'e receiving-chamber 24 is located an inlet or feed passage 27, provided witha hopper 28 and with a horizontal slid- 430, which fits and slides in' contact with the side, top, and bottom walls of said chamber. Power-'actuated means tor giving reciproca- IIC f tory motion to the plunger 30 niay'be of an)7 t desired form or construction.

tached to an upright cross-head 32, secured to the center of a double-ended piston or plunger 2&3, the opposite -ends ot' which slide g in oppositely-arranged hydraulic cylinders.

:ure is admitted for advancing -aid retracting the plunger 30.

sponding walls ot the receiving-chanil)er 24 The side, top, and bottoni walls i of the tapered passage join the corre-- andthe preheating-chamber 26, and the inclination ol said walls otl tl'ietapcrcd passage is such as to give a desii'ed degree ot conipression to the inass ol'- coal lorced there- ,through from the receiving-chamber b v the action of the plunger ill). Such inass ol' coal in the advance mpvement ol the plunger 2)() is forced by said plunger from tthe receivingchaniber t-hi'ough said passage 125 into the prcheating-chamber 26, the oblique side, top,

and bottoni walls of said passage serving to compress the mass laterally in' all directitnis or troni the exterior thereof toward the eenter of the saine. The side, top, and bottoni walls ot the preheating-chamber 2(3 are parallel with each other and are formed by a inetalshell, which-fis preferably made in two parts divided on a vertl -al longitudinal plane. Surrounding the preheating-chamber is a combustion space or chamber 3G, in which is burned a mixture ol gas and air t'or heating the coal in its passage through said preheating chamber. Said com bustioii- Lchamber 356 is provided at its top witlroxit f tubes or pipes 37 37 237 forthe exit ol prod uets of combustion. l"uelgas is supplied to the bot-toni ol` sa-id'chaniber Il() b v means ot' a fuel-supply main 3S, provided with supplypipes 3l) 3l), leading into the bottom of said chan'i-bct. 'lhe walls ot the preheating and combustion chambers preferably consist of two hollow shells orsections joined to each other along the longitudinal centers of the said chambers.. 'lhe said combustion-chainbcr 3G is shown as waterlacketed, the same heilig surrounded bv an exterior shell lortnbranch pipes 44, serving to carry away the i water after it iscirculated through said waterjacket.

45 indicates a hollow metal water-eoolt-ul 5 apron which is arranged ,horizontally be-y nea'th the top wall ot the oven, at the receiving end thereof, and the bottom wall olwhieh forms a horizontal extension or continuation of the top/'wall of the. preheating-chainber. Said ap1o1t45 extends for soine distance into E and cross-head will then be advanced to` the oven and serves to prevent thetop of the gather. In said Figs. 12 and 13 the combuscompressed mass ot coal l'roin rising in( o eure tact with the top wall ol the oven under (he pressure applied through the plunger Si() o th` mass o1 coal l'or forcing it through (litprclieating-chamber and into and through the oven. Said water-cooled apron t5 yhas the torni ol' a hollow metal box, and th'y same is prelerably iliade to l'orni a par( or continuation o) a hollow metal water-cooh--l ring lo, applied bctween the coinbustioichainlz-er 36 and thc adiacent end o) the ina sonry structure ot (he oven.

47 and 4S indicate water supply and return pipes tor (he water-cooled ring ll), said pipes being connected wit h the supply and return pipes, 4; and 44, hercinhelore rel'erred lo.

.Extending troni the inner lace ol' (he plunger 3() are a plurality ot rods 5() .30. arranged parallel with each other and parallel with the sides ot the receiving and prcheating clnuubers. ln the l'orin oliconstruction illustrated in Figs. 1 to l1 the rods 5() 5() are attached to and inove with said plunger It() and extend iroui the lace of said plunger forwardly through the reeeiviiuffchamber Bit, the (apered passage 25, andthe preheating-chain` her 26. Said 'rods are prelerably made long enough to extend s'onie distance into the coliiiig-oveii when the plunger is advanced. lhe coal, which is introduced in pulverized l'orn'i into the, receiving-chan'iber in advance olI the plunger, surrounds said rods, and in the advance nioveinent of theI plunger (he coal is paclted solidly around the rods, so that said rods torni in the niass of coal a plurality of longitudinal passages, openings, or pei'i'oratains its solid form when it. enters the coliing chamber, it follows that. the longitudinal passages or perlorations lorined by said rods will renniin'in the inass after the same has been advanced beyond the tree ends ol' said rods.

[n Figs. l2 and 13 I have shown a modified construction in the peil'orating and preheating devices. In this instance the rods 5() 5() pass through holes in the plunger 3() and are attached to a reciprocating cross-head 5). Said cross-head- 51 is moved rearwardly lar enough to bring the rear ends of the rods flush with the inner or working face of the plunger 3() and is retained in this position during the introduction ol the 4supply or charge ol' coal to the receiviiig-chaniber- At- (er a charge ol coal has been introduced the cross-head 5l will be advanced so as to carry (he rods 5() forwardly through the fresh coal and into the longitudinal passages previously l'orined in (he mass of coal, and the plunger 1.5 which is connected with the dischar e end of ser,

- Now referring to the means at the exit end of the oven for `d1scharg1ng the coke therefrom, the same' consists of a vertically-arranged discharge-pipe 52, the upper end of the oven and the lower part of Wiich ex'- tends below the floor of the oven and is ro vided with two vertically-separated va ves 53 and 54. The valve '53 preferably consists of a horizontally-sliding gate, While lthe 'valvevt embraces a, conical' closure adapted to it against a circular seatatthe bottom of the pipe v52 and is' attached to an operating 'and supporting lever 55, Which is pivoted to the pipe and has@ weighted arm 56, adapted to hold theivalve-closure normally in contact lwith its seat. 'Y The discharge-pi e 52 preferably consists of an exterior Shel or casing of 3. tory materia A- iitercooled ring 57 is l and theedjaceit' end o'f the masonr p an 59, connecte sheet metal ovided a lining of rehac preferably introduced between the pipe ?iv en Wall'of the oven?1` Means illustrated or seh curinga circulation ot'water in said cooling? rin consist of su ply and return linains 58 with the said'holloiv ring Ipipes 60 and (il,v ,r i

Vhe two v'alves'53 and 54 inthe discharge end ofthe pipe 52k are for the purpose of permitting the 'coke toI be. discharged from the 4 furnace Without admitting air thereto. As

the body or mass of coke lreaches the dis- I A charge end of the oven the same, being par- 45 tially cooled,v disintegrates and the fra ments of coke fall through the ducts 52 an accumulate u on the valve 53, which is normally closed,` Then a considerable quantity of the coke has accumulated on the upper valve 53, the'latter is withdrawn, so as to allow" the accumulated coke to fall upon 'the-lower valve 54. The valve'53 is 'then closed and the valve- 54 opened to permit the discharge of the coke froin'the lower end of the pipe.

In the operationl of the apparatus de scribed, assuming that the' lunger 30 has been previously advanced to 'orce the charge of coalfrom the receivlng-chamber into the tapered passage 25 and the preheatingchamher 26 and then withdrawn, a space will s have been left between the lsaid llunger and the rear face of the mass of coa reviously forced into orcompressed Within tlie passage 25. The space in advance of the plunger is hhen'tilled hy a. new charge of pulverizedv coal, introduced through the inlet-passage 427. In the next succeeding advance movej ment of the plunger the charge of coal Within 'the receiving-chamber forced from, the same into or through the tapered passage 2,5, while the mass of coal in said passage in advance of the newly-introduced charge is vanced through the preheating-chamber aid"' the coking-chamber. As the mass of coal is forced through the tapered passage the Walls thereof serve to compress themass both ver-` tically and laterally, so that the mass entering through the preheating-chainber is closely compacted and will possess the desired degree of solidity.y lheefect of the `heat transmitted to the mass ofcoal through the Walls of the preheating-chamber is to melt or soften the bituminous constituents of the coal or to produce l artial coking of the mass, `1 so that the particllds of coal in the mass cohere and the mass will in its s'ubsequentad' vence movement i'ntojand through the colt-A,

ing-chamber retain the form given it by being forced through the tapered 'compressiony passage and through the preheatin'g-chaxnber." oo

In first. starting the oven in operation the' oven will be filled with coal from the top `tluough an opening 6 2, provided for the purpose. Heat will then'be applied in the ordinary manner, andthe massY of coal within' 95 thecokingchamber Will be coked. In the meantime the receiving'fchamber will have been fllledwith coal .through the' inlet-opening in its'top'the plunger or pusher 30 being' Withdrawn for this pur ose. The .'coking- 4chainherv will 'then be ed with coke, Vand the extension' of the oven formed by the pre- Ico heating-chamberand the 'com resSingchamber' filled with coal compresse therein by the action of .the `plu-nger, the coalacting as `a sealwhich prevents the escape of gas from the receiving end .of the coking-chamber, and also keeps Aout the atmospheric air." It Will of course be understood that the gasgenerated in the oven asses therefrom tol an exhauster, so that tlie coking-chamber is sub' ject to internal pressure not 'greater than that ofthe atmosphere.Y

In the operation of the oven the pusher. will he worked'at any desired speed. For 1x5 illustration,`a thirty-threefoot oven produces four and two-tenths tons of coke Ain tvvent four hours. The movement r.throu h t e koven would in this case f beequiva ent to about oneffourth .inch per minute. `During 'the coking. operation the ordinary cooking process proceeds in the coking-chalnber from the sides and 'bottom thereof, and the' preheated 'coal is forced into the oven agalnst th e incandescent ,coke therein, so thatl as the v'preheated coal enters the coking-chamber the coking proceeds in an endwise direction, or from the incandescent portion 4of the `mass, toward the inc'omimr uncoked portionA I thereof. vltlanifestly in the operation the production of gas will be continuous and at a uniform rate, as will be thev production of eolie, while a large amount oi heat Will be saved, owing to the 'fact that the oven is 'never opened and. emptied. By making the oven in two parts or sections equipped with separidily- -o1nrollable heating means the receiving portion or end ot the oven may be run at a very high heat, while the discharge to end or portion `thereof containing the coke may be kept at a much lower temperature, therebyY eli'ecting a partial cooling of the coke before it leaves the oven, and consequent large saving of the gas. i5 in. a b v-produet oven as heretofore constructed the coliing operation proceeds from the outside toward the center of the mass, vth interior of the mass being quite cool during a considerable extent of the operation, so zo that tar and pitch tend to condense in the center of the mass. The center being the last portion coked in case of an oven of the usual cross-sectional form and diniensi.ons-, that is to say, fromabout 'lifteen inches to twentystwo inches wide and about tive feet.

in height--a vertical cleavage-line is produced. On either side of this cleavage-line the coke resulting from the final distillation of the tar or pitch, which has been deposited 3o in this vicinity oni' account of the low temperature of' the center of the mass, will be very porous. before it is introduced into the oven the tendency to condensation of the' tar and pitch in the conter ot the mass will be greatly lessened, so that the ireheating tends to produce equality in the vcharacter of the colte throughout the mass. The use of perforating means such as described to form longitu- 4o diual holes or passages in the body ofY theI -ycolie will also tend to prevent such conden- `sation of tar and pitch in the center of the mass and glve unifornnty to the product, while at the same time making more rapid i' 45 the operationV of coliing because facilitating the escape of gases and volatile constitrents oi the coal from the interior of the mass during the coking operation.

An important -t'eature otl my invention is 5o the provision ol means for preheating the coal as it is advanced ina compact and continuous mass to and into the coliing retort or oven. vWith respect to this feature my apparatus dillers from one having an upright or vertically-elongated coking-chamber to the top et' which the coal is fed and from the bottom et' which the coke is removed, forthe -reasons tihat in the operation otsuch a vcr- 'tical oven, in which the downward movement l oo ot' the massot coal through the oven is ell'ected 4bv the action ol gravlty and the coke is removed lroin the bpttom oi' the retort substantially as t'ast as dit" isied to the top thereot't-y there can ho substantially no compression Vot' i o5 the coal prior to the tirst heating thereof, be

By the preheating of' the coal' cause it there be substantial compression of the mass due to the weight ot' the coalsuch compression does not take place in the upper 'part of the retort, but necessarily occurs only in the lower part of the retort., and due to the weight of the coal in vthe upper part of the retort and t`o the checking ot the descent of the coal through the lower part of the retortl by reason ot' its friction against the sides thereof.

In the operation of the apparatus illustrated the gravity of the coal is not a factor in the advance and compression thereof, hecause the mass ot' coal is rnoved horizontally toward the oven or retort by pressure on the outer end of the mass, the result being that the coal in the mass is held in a compressed state at the time heat for preheating is applied thereto and the coal is prepared for the coking rocess by beingboth compressed and prelieated to produce adherence of the particles into a solid mass, which is advanced unbroken into the oven.

While the endwise pressure applied to the outer end of the mass of coal as it is advanced into the oven, together with the resist ance to the forward movement of the mass, due to its frictional contact with the walls of the passage surrounding it, will insoine cases or with some kinds ot' coal produce sufficient compression of the mass, yet the employmopt of means for ell'ecting lateral compressior by which the mass is'compressed from its obtside toward its center is of great y n'acticai importance, because insuring the ringing about of such amount ol compression as to certainly result in the adherence to each other ol' the particles olI coal in the mass when subjected to the heat employed for heating. The devices for effecting perforation ot' the mass when the coal is in its compressed com dition and subjected to heat for preheating are also ol' great importance, because. the tormation olchannels or perl'orations in the mass when the same is under compression and when the particles of the mass have been causedto adhere to each other by the heat due to preheating results in the perl'orathms remaining in thel mass after the same reaches the ove'n and is therein subjected to eoking heat and the consequent production of coke of substantially uniform quality throughout the mass. y

The direction of movement of the mass of coal in its approach toward the colring oven or retort is herein described as horizontal in order to distinguish applicants apparatus l'romthose having a vertically-elongated or upright retort and in which ythe, movement ot- 1 the coal into and through the ret-ort is ell'ected by the weight or gravity of the coal; but it is tofbe understood that by the `use of such terni I do not desireto be limi-ted to one form of apparatus in which the path ol' move,-

j ment of the coal isstrictly horizontal, but

toward the racking-chamber to give solid and 'and 4hto'give vthe desired ,advance movementfto` th?4 same.

lateral pressure to a mass of coal for tlle,p11rf her, 'of a;preheatingphainberphaving closed 'andforce it into'v said- @heating-chamber 'cliainben and means for applying endvvise through the preheating-ehamber into the.

chamber', embracing a reciprocating'plunger satie-14 intend tgi-nclude one in which the directioiiff of movement of the mass of coal is so nearly horizontal that its advance toward andl into 4the ookiiigretort or oven is not leffected by' gravity, but is produced substantially or mainlyby pressure applied to the mass in a `1nannerto both compress-the mass endwisel entrance into said c'oking-c I nher.' "1.1;

2. The combination vvvith AcOkingicllallber, ofrn'eans for applying both endiiviseand` continuous character'to thenlaes priortoi'ts pose of coinpressil'ig the sanieffand forcin 4it into said cha1nber,and `fineansfqrpreheatln the mass during its Inovenienntoward'sai I chamber. "l l 3. The combination -WithaEoking-chamconnecticn'with the receiving end of said wiring-chamber,means orhe'ating the Walls oi the preheolting-ohambfen, apdfrne'ansfor applying pressure horiz'entaily to the outer end oa mass offcoal to corn-press't'hesaine and from the saine-into t eQcokin chalmber.. 4.' The combination Witl'a co fingchann ber, of a preheating-chamher, a'- receivingprcssiiietoutllie outer end of a mass of coal d rocelvingrchainber to compress the same` 'and force,A it from the receiving-chamber 5.-,'lhe combination with a poking-cham? ber, off @cheating-chamber, `a receivingchamber, means. for applying endwise pressure horizontally to the outer end of a mass' of coal inth'e receivingchambcr and pre-v hcating-chamber to compress the same and force it 'from the receivingk-,hamber through the prehrating-chamber 'into `the coliig'-,4

sliding n the said rrceiving-chamber` 6. .The combination with Aa aching-chainlier, of a preheating-chaniber, ineans for a plying horizontal endwise pressure to* lt e outer end of a mass of coal Within theprehcn-,ting-cliainher, for ooinpressingfsaid coal coking-chaniber, 'embracing' and forcing the same through the preheating- -c'lianiher into' the cokin -chan1ber,A and` an z outlet-passage for the colic at the discharge end of the .coking-chanib'er providedy wiith means'- adapted for the discharge of, the `coke without the admission ol air to the coking-l chamber."

7. The combination witha vhorizontal coking-.chamber7 of a preheatiiig-chalnber, ineens forapplying pressure' horlzontally to. the 'outer end of a mass of coal in said preheatingchamber to comlpressfthef coal and force the 1e,` prehcating-chaniber into the coking-chamber, and an outlet assa e saine through t for coke at the discharge end or4 t eco Y.

y n -chaniber provided'jwith two separated vaves. 2 x .f -i 8. The combination with a'horizontaly coke ing-chamber, ofa preheating-chamber, a recaving-chamber, means for applying horie zontal, endwise pressure to'theout'er vend of a' 585V mass of ycnalheld in the preheating-chamber v 'and receiving-chamber for compres'sin coal saidl reheating-chamber into the coki'ngchamgenand an outlet-'passage at the 'jdiseeharge e'n'd ofV the coking-chalno'.erprovided. with means adapted for the discharge of the and forcing itfrom said receiving-cham, er tof".

coke Without Ythe admission of'airI to thecokl I 9. The combination, wit a coking-chamfi ber, of means forcornpr essi g'coal and introl -chamber, embrac-l ducing it intosaidgno in a tapered passag in et thanat 'its discharge 'en'd an the discharge end of 'which has closed 'connection with .the cokinglchamber, and .means for applying endwise pressure to coal introduced ich is lar er at its i leo,y

into ,the outerfe'nd' of said 'tapered .passage-:i acting to force the coal in acontinuous massv through said 'ta ered assage 'and from the same mto theco ing-o 10. The combination with a coking-chainber, of means for applying lateral pressure to a niass of coal and 'introducing 1t into the sage Whiclnis larger at its inlet than at its die?" chargeend,l and tlie discharge end of which her, land a rpciprocating plun er4 acting inter- -mittingly on coal introduce into the inlet;

. end of saidii'passage and acting toforcesaid a tapered pasllO has closed `connection with thecoking-charn- .coal in a continuous mass through said taj pered passa coking-chalnbcr. I 11 The combination with a coklng-chamberlof a receivingchaniber, ataperedpa'ssage between `the recelvin g-chambc-r and cok- :ing-chalnber, having closed connection with \the \.fla'ttery said passage heiner larger at its inh letthan at its discharge en( and .ineens forv applying intermittent, endwise pressure fto coal introduced into said 'recivingchalnbery acting to force the coal n aeontinuous nia'lss through said tapered passage and from the same into the said cokinglchambenr geand from said passage into the t2v The combination with a coking-cham borAl of a. receiving-clamtbcr, a^tapered passagibetween said receivirtg-chamber and colting-clnmtber, having closed connection with the latter, said passage being lager at its inlet than, at its discharge end, and arec'iprocating plunger in the rece ving-chamber acting upon coal introduced nto said receiving-chamber toforce the ,said coal in a con' tinuous mass through saidtapered passage v same into the coking-cnambcr.

14. The combination with a colting-chann ber, of a prei{eating-chamber, and means for compressing and feeding coal to the preheating-chaniber embracing a tapered passage smaller at its discharge than at. its inlet end, and means for forcing the coal through said tapered passage into the preheatiiig-chamber.

15. 'lhe combination with a` cokingchamber, of a prelteating-chai'nber, a receiving-- ehamber, a tapered passage between the re- E ceivmg-chamberand the prcheating-cham ber, said passage being smaller at its outlettha'n at. its inlet end, and means for forcing coal trom the recetvmg-chamber throug'n s said tapered passage into the prehcatingchamber.

1 6; The combination with a colnng-ch chamber, a tapered passage between the receiving-chan:ber and the prebcatingjchambei', said passage being smaller ait its outlet th m at its Inlet end and means lor lorcmo- I* coal from the receivingfchambcr through said tapered passage into the. prehcatingi chamber embracing a plunger in said reccir ing-cham ber. a

l?. rlhe (annbination with a colcing-chambei', of a,prehcating-chamber, a receivingchamber lnivmg an inlet for coal at` `1ts top,

a tapered passagek between the receivingi chaniber and the prelteating-chamber, said )assage being smaller at its outlet'A than at its inlet end, and a reciln'ocating plunger in the receiving-rb a inber.' i.

l s. 'lhe combination with a coking-chamber, of a passage having closed conncction with the receiving end of said coking-cham- I ber, means for applying endwise pressure to the outer end ot' a mass of coal in said passage for the purpose tit-compressing the same and forcing it through said passage into said ook',-

am- 1 ber, of a preheating`chambcr, a reccivingii1g-chainbcr without admittingl air to the latter, means l'or pcrlorating t be mass oll Coal during its movement through said passage i toward said colting-chamber, and un outlet.-

said coliing-chamber provided with means yadapted for ell'ecting the discharge ot' the colte,y without admitting air to said Coltingchamber. v

19. The combination with a -ohingcl|a|nber/, of means for applying both cndwisc and i lateral pressure to a mass ol' coal l'or t l'c pur pose of compressing the same and t'orring it into said chamber, and means l'or t'orming perforations in the compressed mass during its movementI toward said chamber.

l2t). The. combination with a colting-chamber, of a prehcating-chamber ha ring closed connection with thc receiving cnd ot' said rotting-clLamber, means t'or compressing coal Hreparatory to its introduction into tltc pre lieating-chamber and t'or t'orcing the com- )re'ssed coal through the preheating-chamer into the coking-cl'amber, and means t'or fori'ning perfor-ations in the compressed coal. 2l. 'lhe combination with a coltingcluim ber, of a passage haring closcd conntwtion with the receiving end ot' said colting-clamber and means for compressing, pci I'orat ing said passage into tle colting-clfamher.

22. 'llte coinbination with a colting-cham-A t ber, of means for compressiirr, prclcating and performing coal preparatmwY lo its introducton into said coking-chamber, said t,means comprising a passage in wlich tl;c

, coal is compressed, perforated and prcl'catcd and which is dirci-tl)v connected with tlc rcceiving end ol' tle colting-chamber. and means for forcing the coal through said pasA sage into the coking-chamber.

33. 'l`hc combination with a colting-clnimber, ol` means t'or laterally compressing and gior prehcating coal preparatory to its introi duction into the coking-chambcr comprising a continuous passage'in which thc coal is compressed and preheated, which passage is directly connected with the receiving end ol'v t the colting-chamber, means for applying pressure to the outer end of a mass ol coal in i said passage to Aforce the coal through said l passage into the chamber, means for heating l the walls of said passage, andi means at the louter end of the coliing-cltambor tor dist charging the coke therefrom, without admitt ting air to the chamber.

24. In combination with a coking-chamber, means for compressing, perforating, and

l preheating coal preparatory to its introduc- 1 tion into said coking-chamlnr, comprising a continuous passage in which the coal is coinl pressed, perforated and preheated, which passage is directly connected with the receivmg end of the coking-chamber, means for forcing the coal through said passage into the passage l'or the col',l al thc discharge 9nd ot' and prchcating coal and l'orcing il through.

IIC

said colring-chamber, and means at the outlet end of the coling-chamber for discharging the coke therefrom without the admission of air to said ticking-'chanber.

25. lThe combination with a eoliing-chaniber, of a preheating-ehaml)er having closed' Vconnection with the receiving end of said aching-chambery means for compressing coal preparatory' to its introduction into the preheating-ehmnlna', means for forming perforations in the compressed coal and means for -forcingthe compressed and perforated coal through thc prelwaiting-chamber into the colring-chamber.

26. The eombimttion with a cokingchamber, of a preheating-chamber, aI receivingchaml'icr, a passageY between the receivingchamber and the. preheating-chamber smaller at its outlet that at its inlet end, means for forcing coal `from the receivingchamber through the preheaiing-chamber into the coking-chanrber, and means for forming longitudlnal perforations in thc compressed coal preparatory to its entrance into the cokingchamber.

27. The combination with a coking-cham ber, of means for applyingendwise pressure to the outer end of a mass of coal'to com ress the same and force it into the coking-c 1amber, and means for forming perforations in the compressed mass embracing a plurality of rods located in the space'in which the coal is compressed, parallel with the path of movement of the coal in its movement toward the lcking-chamber. I

28.. The combination with a cokin -cham" ber, of a pre ieating-cl'iamber, means or compressing'coal prcparatoryto its introduction into the. preheatingch amber, means for forcing the compressed coal-through the wheating-chamber into the coking-cha1n er, and means for forming perforations in the compressed coal embracing a plurality of rods lof cated within the space in which the. coal is ,com p resscd and within the preheating-chamber, said rods being arranged parallel with `thc direction of movement of the coal in its passage through th i preheating-chamber into the coking-chamber.

2S). 'lhe combination with a coking-chamber, of a receiving-chamber, a reheatingchamber, a tapered passage between the receiving-chamber and the prehcating-ch'amber, said passa-gc being smaller at its outlet than at its inlet end, n'ieansfor vforcing the coal from the receiving-chamber 4through said, tapered passage into the prcheatingchamber, and means for forming perforations in the compressed coal comprising a plurality o rods extending through said tapered passage andv into the preheating-chamber, saidI rods being parallel with the path of the coal in its movement through. said tapered passage and thc ,preheating-chambi, A

.30. 'lhc combination with a king-chamber, of \a'receivingchamber, a preheating chamber, a tapered passage between the-receiving-chamber and the prehcating-cham ber, said passage being smaller at its outlet than at its inletl end, a r'ecipro rating plunger in the receiving-chamber, and a )lurality of rods extending from the inner .ace of said plunger through the receiving-chamber and lsaid passage into the preheating-chamberz 31. The combination with a coking-chamber, of a receiving-chamber, a tapered passage between the'receiving-chamber and the coking-chalnber, a reciprocating )lunger in said receiving-chamber, and `a plurality of rods extending from the inner face of the plunger through said tapered passage.

32. Means for compressing coal into a comL pact mass and forming perfor-ationsin said mass preparatory to the coldng of the coal comprising a receiving-chamber, a tapered passage leading therefrom smaller at its outlet than at its receiving end,` a reciprocating plunger in said receiving-chamher, a plurality of rods located within' the receiving-chamber and said tapered passage parallel with the direction of movement of the coal, said rods passing through the said plunger, and a reciprocating head outside of said' plunger -to which said rods are attached. l 33. Means for compressing coal into a compact mass, for preheating said mass, and for forming perforations in said mass preparatory `t0 the coliing of the, .coal comprising a receiving-chamber, a preheating-chamber, a tapered passage connecting the reeeivingecl'1amflier with the preheating-ehaxnber, said passage being smaller at its outlet than at its receiv- `ing end, `a reciprocating plunger in said ref ceiving-chamber, a plurality of rods extending through said tapered passage, said rods being parallel with-the direction of movement of the coal, a reciprocating,plunger in said receivingschalnber provided with apertures through which said rods extend, and a reciprocating Vh ad outside of said plunger to which said rods are attached.

3 4. The combination with a coliing-chamber, of a preheating-chamber located at the inlet end of the coking-chambcr, means for ap plying endwise pressure to the outer end ol' a mass of coal within said preheating-ch amber to compress the coal within said chamber and force it therefrom into the cokingrhamher, said prcheating-chamber bonsisting ofV a metal shell and Walls surrounding said .metal shell of the pre-heating-chamber and forming a heating-chamber. f

` 35. The combination with acokingchamb'er, of a prelreating-chamber located at the receiving end ofthe coking.'haniber, means' for forcing coal tlniougli said prehcatingchamber into the coking-cllamber, and a hollow metal' apron located below the top Wall 'of the coking-chamber adjacentA to'the 4 end ,of the perheatingmhamber, and means loo,

llO

for supplying a cooling medium t'o said hollowr apron.

- '36. The combination with a ticking-ehember, of a preheatirig-chamber located at the receiving end of the coking-chamber, means for forcing coal through said preheatingchamber into the Cokin -chamber, and a hollow metal apron locate lbelow the top wall of the wiring-chamber adjacent te the end of the preheating-chamber, a hollow metal rin interposed between the coking-.chamber an the preheating-chamber', and means for supplying a cooling mediunrto said hollow apron and hollowmetal ring.

37` The combination with a cokin -ch'amber, of a preheating-chamber located at the inlet end of the ceiling-chamber, areee'ivin'gchamber exterior to the preheating-chamber, a tapered passage larger at its inlet than at its discharge end between the receivinU-chamber and the preheating-chamber; saiY receiving chamber and tapered passage beingl 'formed by a metal shell, and walls surrounding said preheating-chamber, tapered passage and receiving-chamber and forming with the ,said metal shell a heating-chamber.

38. T he combination with a coking-charnber, of a preheating-chamber, a receivingchamber, a tapered passage larger at its receiving than its discharge end, between said receiving and preheating chambers, said preheating-chamber, receiving-chamber and tapered passage being formed by a metal shell and .constituting a continuous passage, and means 'for applying endwise pressure to the outer endof a mass of coal in said chambers and passage for forcing the coal from the re- .,ceiving-chamber through said tapered pasfsagt; and the preheating-chamber into the colring-oven.

39. A eolring-oven having a horizontallyarranged wiring-chamber, of separately-controllable heating means foin dierent parts orseetions of said chamber, a preheatingchamber at the inlet end of said cokingchamber and means for 'forcing coal through said preheating-chamber into thecOkingchamber.

40. ./l. coiing-oven having a horizontallyarranged wiring-chamber, separately-controllable heating means for separate parts or sections of 'd chamber, preheating-chamber at the receiving end of said coking-chamber, a receivirig-chamber, and means for f orcingv the coal 'from the receivingchamber 'throueh the irel'ieatinfrchamber into the colting-ehaniber.

41, A coking-oven having a horizontallyarranged colting chamber, separately controllable heating means for separate parts or sections of said cliarnbena preheating-chamber at the receiving end of said cohing-ehamber, a receiving-chamber, means for forcing the coal from t e receiving-chamber through the preheating-ehamber into the cokingchamber, and means at the outlet end ol the Cokin" chamber for discharging the coke thereirom without admitting air to said colting-chamber.

42. A ceiling-oven having a horizontallyarranged coking-chamher, selmrably-controllable heating means for dillerent paris or sections of said chamber, means at the receiving end of said eoking-chamber for preheating and compressing coal and for forcing it into the cokmg-cl-iamber, and means at the outlet end .of the coking-ohamber tor discharging the' coke therefrom without the. ad-

' mission of air to said eoking-chamber.

-l-i. A coking-oven havirig a horizontallyarranged .,colringchamber, lseparablp; controllable li'e'ating means for dillerent parts or sections of said chamber, a preheatiiig-chamber at the inlet en of said coking-chamber, means for forcing coal through said preheating-chamber into the racking-chamber, and a discharge-passage at the outlet end of lie wiring-chamber, said discharge-passage leing downwardly directed at its exit end and being .provided in its downward-directed portion with two vertically-separated valves.

44. A coking-oven having a horizontallyarranged coking chambery separably controllable heating means foi different parts or sections of said chamber, a preheating-ehamher at the receiving end of said coking-ehamher, a receiving-chamber, a reciproeatingv plunger in the receivingmhamber for forcing the coal from said receivmgfehlnnber through the preheatingchamber into the cokingchamber and a dischargeassage at the out- :in o

oven and regenerators separately associated with said heating-passages.

46. A eoking-oven having a lliorizo'ntallyarranged coking-chamber, separate heating means for separate parts or sections of said chamber, embracing two separate sets' of heating-passages in, the walls of said oven, regenerators separatehY associated with said heating-passages, means at the inlet end of said cokmg-chamber for preheating coal and forcing'the ireheated vcoal into the Golfingchamber and means at the outlet end of said aching-chamber f or eifecting the discharge of the coke therefrom without the admission of air to said coking-chamber.

47. The combination with coking-chaniber,.of'a passage having closed connection with the receiving end of said eoking-chamber and means for compressing and for preheating coal' and for forcing the compressed and preheated coal in e continuous mass through said passage into. the racking-chem ber. 1

48. The combination with a. coking-chembor, 4ol" e passage havniclosed connection with the receiving endort? said coking-oham# ber, nieens'for laterally compressing coal and means for forcing the compressed coal in e continuous mass'tlirough the said passage into the @king-chamber.- y

49. The combination with a horizontel coking-ehamber, of means for con'ipressing and prehe'eting coal preparatory to its introduct-lon into' the cokln .-ohamber comprising a. continuous horizonte passage in which the coal is compressed and preheated, which passage is directly connected with thereoeifving end ofthe @king-chamber, and' eens for ap lying pressure horizontally to he outer en of a mass of coal in said passage to force SAMUEL BERTRAMSHELDON. Witnesses i ANTHONY H. VoGEIi, A. C.. BYAM. 

